Monteverde

On the 12th of February we moved on once more. This time our destination was Monteverde and the surrounding Cloud Forest in the west of the Tilarán Cordillera Mountains and National Park.

The history of Monteverde began in the early 1950s, when a group of Quaker families from United States arrived to Costa Rica in search of peace and tranquility. Some members of these families were imprisoned by the American government due to the fact that they didn't want to take part in the Korean War. For that reason they decided to settle in Costa Rica, mainly because of its lack of an army and also because of the nature they found.

However, long time before the arrival of these Quakers, the Monteverde area was already settled by a group of Costa Rican farmers, coming from towns like San Ramon de Alajuela, Esparza and Miramar. Their purpose was to establish farms for subsistence living.

Monteverde was founded by these American citizens, to establish their own reserve for conservation and protection of water and nature. In the early 1970s, a vast amount of the reserve was donated to the Tropical Scientific Center (CCT), an organization in charge of the investigation and preservation of the land. This region boasts over 400 different bird species and a massive collection of other biodiversity.

 Blue-gray Tanager © John N Murphy

 Common Tody-Flycatcher © John N Murphy

 Yellow-throated Euphonia © John N Murphy

Social Flycatcher © John N MurphyBlue-and-white Swallow © John N Murphy

 White-tipped Dove © John N Murphy

 Hoffman's Woodpecker © John N Murphy

Brown Jay © John N Murphy

Montezuma Oropendola

The Montezuma Oropendola Psaroclius montezuma is a large (41cm) colourful crow like bird that is common in middle elevated parts of Costa Rica. Its song is one of the most unforgettable sounds of the Central American rainforests. Named in honour of the 16th Century Aztec ruler, Montezuma II, this New World bird weaves his song into an elaborate courtship ritual that can be heard throughout the day during the breeding season. With his claws wrapped tightly around a branch, the male will swing forward, displaying his bright yellow tail feathers and performing his distinctive, gurgling song. The aim of this behaviour is to maintain mating privileges with the females in the colony. If the display is not up to scratch however, females will choose to mate with a superior performer.

Poison Dart Frogs

There are approximately 150 species of amphibians living in Costa Rica. Several of these species include some of the most brightly colored frogs found in the rainforest. This fascinating group of frogs belong to the family Dendronbatidae. In Costa Rica there are 7 species, 3 of which boldly display the bright and contrasting colors that are a family trademark. The common name of Poison Arrow Frog or Poison Dart Frog originated from the Choco Indians of Colombia. The Choco knew that the frogs emitted a toxin from their skin. The Choco would rub the tips of their arrows across a frog's body to make the arrow head poisonous.  Below is a small sample of some of these Poisonous frogs and others.

Green & Black Poison Dart Frog © John N Murphy

Strawberry Poison Dart Frog © John N Murphy

Red-eyed Tree Frog © John N Murphy

Red-eyed Tree Frog © John N Murphy

La Selva Biological Research Station

We departed La Savegre and drove 3 hours North, passing through San Jose and Las Horquetas en route to reach the Central Cordillera National Park.  La Selva is located 3 km south of Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui.

Located in the Caribbean lowlands and bracketed by the Sarapiquí and Puerto Viejo Rivers, La Selva is covered with what is technically known as tropical pre-montane wet forest and more commonly referred to as rainforest.  There is no better place in Costa Rica to learn about this ever more endangered ecosystem.  Dr. Leslie Holdridge established La Selva as a study site on mixed plantations for the improvement of natural resources management in 1954.  Since its purchase in 1968 by the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), it’s been declared a private Biological Reserve and grown into one of the premier sites in the world for research on tropical rain forest.

Here and within the Research Station you have to get and pay for guides to show you around the location within the National Park. They offer both early-morning and night walks, allowing visitors the opportunity to observe the day time and nocturnal wildlife environments and creatures.

 Passerini's Tanager male © John N Murphy

 Passerini's Tanager female © John N Murphy

Tree-wattled Bellbird©  John N Murphy

Sun Bittern © John N Murphy

 Flame-colored Tanager male © John N Murphy

Pale-billed Woodpecker © John N Murphy

Double-toothed Kite © John N Murphy

Hummingbirds

Costa Rica is loaded with hummingbirds. The country's checklist boasts 54 species. These range from widespread and common, like Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, to rather scarce and local ones, such as Black-crested Coquette.  On my travels in Costa Rica I clocked up 14 different species.  These were seen in three main sites (La Sevegre, Monteverde & Arenal), where there were active feeding stations attracting hummers.  Please see shots below.

 Green-crowned Violet Hummingbird male © John N Murphy

 Green-crowned Violet Hummingbird female © John N Murphy

 Green-crowned Violet Hummingbird male © John N Murphy

 Green-violet-ear Hummingbird © John N Murphy

 Green-violet-ear hovering near a feeder © John N Murphy

 Purple-throated mountain Gem female © John N Murphy

 Green-crowned Mountain Gem juvenile © John N Murphy

 Magnificent Hummingbird © John N Murphy

Violet-headed Hummingbird © John N Murphy

 Scilliant Hummingbird chicks in the nest © John N Murphy

 Scilliant Hummingbird feeding young on the nest © John N Murphy

 White-throated Hummingbird © John N Murphy

Volcano Hummingbird © John N Murphy

Resplendent Quetzal

One of the big target bird species and specialities for Costa Rica has to be the Resplendent Quetzal.  Everywhere you go you see signs of adoration for this bird.  What makes me laugh is that it is not even considered as the National bird of Costa Rica.  Instead the plain Clay-coloured Robin has that title and it looks similar to a female Blackbird.  If I was Costa Rican I'd be a little peeved that such a colourful specimen like the Quetzal did not make the grade.

Green Iguana

Green Iguana is common in lowlands and warmer areas of Costa Rica. The native range of the Green Iguana extends from southern Mexico to central Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolovia and the Caribbean specifically Grenada, Curacao, Trinidad and Tobago, St Lucia, St. Vincent and Utila. They have been introduced to Grand Cayman, Puerto Rico, Texas, Florida, Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands. Though the species is not native to Martinique, a small wild colony of released or escaped Green Iguanas endures at historic Fort Saint Louis.

Green Iguanas are diurnal, arboreal, and are often found near water. Agile climbers, Iguana iguana can fall up to 50 feet (15 m) and land unhurt (iguanas use their hind leg claws to clasp leaves and branches to break a fall). During cold, wet weather, green iguanas prefer to stay on the ground for greater warmth.